The Indian transport sector has a critical role to play in achieving the Nationally Determined Contribution target of reducing the emissions intensity of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India by 33–35% from 2005 levels by 2030 set under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). A number of factors may have contributed to the rise in India's road transport share, especially in the last two decades. The focus of this study is to look into the current status as well as the potential for electrification of MHDVs in India. It also looks into the progress China has made in this particular sector. The following section discusses hard-to-abate sectors which include, long-distance road transport involving MHDVs in detail, including factors that could be considered as impediments to decarbonize the transport sector.